Wednesday, January 5, 2011

Unprecedented 10 Year Plan for Catechesis in Ireland Launched

Today Ireland has launched a new ten-year plan to re-invigorate Catholic catechesis at all levels. The Catholic Church has fallen on hard times in Ireland, where the culture has undergone radical change in the last forty years, and where the clerical sexual abuse scandal was even more horrific than that faced by the United States. As a result, in a nation that was once overwhelmingly Catholic, weekly attendance at Mass has dropped off steeply and publicly defecting from the Catholic Church on websites such as countmeout.ie has become popular.

In Ireland, schools take the primary responsibility for catechesis, since theology, like Irish language, is a mandatory subject in the national schools at all levels (and an equally unpopular subject at that). This has been shown to be an ineffective approach; Archbishop Diarmuid Martin of Dublin has charged that students leave school largely "theologically illiterate" even after years of catechesis in school. The new ten-year plan, presented in a document called "Share the Good News" is the first of its kind in Ireland, and it recognizes the need for a whole new approach to catechesis in Ireland, focusing on the family and the parish as the primary medium for catechesis, and calling for more lay volunteers to be involved. Archbishop Martin vividly illustrated the predicament of the Church in contemporary Ireland in his remarks following the publication of the new ten year plan:

"We can no longer assume faith on the part of young people who have attended catholic schools nor indeed young people who come from Catholic families.   This is not to say that there is a lack of goodness and generosity and idealism among young people.  This is not to say that in many there is not a search for deeper values and meaning in their lives.  

The problem is that there is a growing undermining of religious sense in our culture.  This religious sense will not arise automatically from within contemporary culture as was to a great extent the case in the past.  There are aspects of our contemporary culture which can lead us all to deviate from a true religious sense. Even our liturgies can loose the sense of a transcendent God....

Our catechesis must assist people to enter into the religious sense in a culture in which it is increasingly absent.  Without this, catechesis would only become indoctrination, and a catechesis of indoctrination does lead not to freedom but to fundamentalism.  This is not just pre-catechesis; it is a much more necessary and fundamental pre-condition for the ability to understand the Gospel and it is something that was not necessary in the Ireland of the past....

Faith is a deeper matter; it is a matter of a deep encounter between the individual and God.  Such an encounter cannot be forced on someone or pushed through like a hard sell.  Evangelization is always counter cultural but not a-cultural. Culture must ne evangelized by men and women who live within that culture and who are contaminated by some negative aspects of that culture.   Evangelization is about an encounter with the God who is totally other, but who became incarnate as one of us to enable us to know ourselves more fully and thus to find our true identity.

That faith finds it roots and nourishment in the faith community which is the Body of Christ, where Christ is active in our midst calling each of us to holiness, renewing his people as he did throughout human history through his faithful love."

The full text of his remarks can be found here.

Tuesday, January 4, 2011

Conditional grants program finds unprecedented success in Latin America

The online edition of the New York Times today featured commentary on a program implemented in various forms in 14 Latin American countries and 26 other countries that uses conditional cash transfers to relieve extreme poverty in the present and to break the cycle of poverty for future generations. Poor families who traditionally suffer from malnutrition, disease, and whose children are forced to leave school early to work and support the family are seeing tangible improvements to their living conditions and better prospects for the health and education of their children. Each program functions differently, but the general approach they all take is to provide cash grants to families for ensuring that their children regularly attend school, medical check-ups, and parenting classes focusing on diet and nutrition. The families benefit immediately, but the program also helps the children end of the cycle of poverty through improved nutrition and education. The article reports impressive results:

"Children in Oportunidades [the program in Mexico] repeat fewer grades and stay in school longer.  Child labor has dropped.  In rural areas, the percentage of children entering middle school has risen 42 percent.  High school inscription in rural areas has risen by a whopping 85 percent. The strongest effects on education are found in families where the mothers have the lowest schooling levels.  Indigenous Mexicans have particularly benefited, staying in school longer."

Read the full article, "To Beat Back Poverty, Pay the Poor," here.

Monday, January 3, 2011

The Ruins of Babylon

The New York Times ran an interesting article today on renewed efforts to preserve Iraq's cultural heritage, especially through archaeology and restoration of sites like Babylon. The US State Department has provided a $2 million grant which is being used to preserve the Ishtar Gate, built by Nebudchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C., among other efforts. An excerpt:

"The World Monuments Fund has been carrying out what amounts to archaeological triage since it began its conservation plan in 2009. It has created computer scans to provide precise records of the damage to the ruins and identified the most pernicious threats, starting with erosion caused by salty groundwater. “What we’ve got to do is create a stable environment,” Mr. Allen said at the site in November. “Right now it’s on the fast road to falling apart.”"

Read the full article, "A Triage to Save the Ruins of Babylon" here.

Monday, December 20, 2010

"Safe, legal, and rare"- in practice, abortion is none of those things

Writer Breda O'Brien comments on the recent case of A, B, and C v. Ireland that went before the European Court of Human Rights. She describes each woman's situation and the poor counseling they received, being pressured to see abortion in the UK as their only option when in fact it would only exacerbate their difficult personal situations.

An excerpt:
"As a woman who still calls herself a feminist, it makes me furious that feminists seem to think that abortion is such a good thing for women, an absolutely necessary “right”, when so often it is a somewhat brutal substitute for what they really need....Again, becoming a mother is seen as the worst possible option. How far have women’s rights come when that is still the case?"

It is an excellent piece, illuminating the difficult alternatives that stand before Ireland now. Read her full column here.

Friday, December 17, 2010

Ireland and Abortion

The European Court on Human Rights has issued a complex ruling this week on the status of abortion in Ireland, the significance of which is hard to estimate. The Court ruled in a case brought by three women from Ireland claiming that their rights were violated when they were not able to terminate their pregnancies by abortion. The Court has upheld the claim of one woman, who had been diagnosed with cancer before becoming unexpectedly pregnant and who wanted to terminate her pregnancy in order to undergo cancer treatment. Their ruling will require Ireland to amend its abortion legislation in ways poorly defined.

The status of abortion in Ireland is complex. Consonant with Catholic teaching, a right to life, rather than a right to abortion is enshrined in Ireland's constitution. The 1861 Offences Against the Person Act absolutely prohibits abortion in Ireland, but in 1983 an amendment to the Constitution came into effect that stated “The State acknowledges the right to life of the unborn and, with due regard to the equal right to life of the mother, guarantees in its laws to respect, and, as far as practicable, by its laws to defend and vindicate that right.” The 1983 amendment is therefore open to the possibility of the loss of the life of the child for the sake of saving the life of the mother. However, the circumstances and procedures for such a sacrifice were never explicity defined. Therefore in practice abortion has not been performed in Ireland; were a doctor to perform even an abortion he or she deems medically necessary to save the mother, both doctor and mother would expose themselves to the risk of prosecution and the doctor could lose his license.

The case is further complicated by the 1992 Irish Court's ruling on Case X in which a 14-year-old girl resorted to seeking an abortion in the United Kingdom after being raped and becoming pregnant; she sought the abortion because she was suicidal, and the Court ruled that abortion should have been make available to her in Ireland because her life was put at risk due to the situation of her pregnancy. Despite the ruling, Ireland still made no move to legislate clearly in what circumstances doctors should be allowed to perform abortions in Ireland. So while both the 1983 amendment and the 1992 court case open up the possibility of abortion in certain very limited circumstances, Irish doctors live in a culture of fear and confusion as to when they can actually recommend abortion to save the life of the mother.

The risk now is that the European Court on Human Rights is requiring Ireland to generate the legislation it has continually put off, providing a window of opportunity for pro-choice advocates to push through a much more permissive abortion law than the Irish people of 1861, 1983, and 1992 every intended. This is a dangerous moment in Ireland. Some are calling for a referendum on the decision of the courts in Case X, hoping to overturn the 1992 decision and therefore exclude risk of suicide as grounds for legal abortion. It is not entirely clear that such a referendum would have that hoped-for outcome, though figures do suggest that despite massive cultural shifts in Ireland in the last three decades, roughly 70% of Irish people do still approve of the 1983 formulation of the right to life for both baby and mother. Some also fear that the European Court could force Ireland to legalize abortion on demand, consonant with the rest of the EU, except Malta, whose situation is similar to Ireland's.

Of course, the fact that abortion on demand is illegal in Ireland does not mean that Ireland has been spared from the scourge of abortion. Cheap flights to London make it easy for Irish mothers to procure abortions in the UK, and it is estimated that several thousand do annually. However, that number has been falling by hundreds in the past eight consecutive year: in 2001, 6,500 women with Irish addresses obtained abortions in the UK, while last year that number had fallen to just 4,500. The practice is generally accepted, so that while it is still taboo to speak openly about seeking abortion outside of Ireland, it is a well known and politely ignored phenomenon- even Brendan Behan wrote about it, in his collection of short stories called After the Wake, with a party to welcome a girl back to Dublin who had just taken a 'holiday' in Britain to obtain an abortion serving as the plot for one of his stories. Abortion is complexly situated in Ireland's culture, in a society that has become very permissive in a very brief interval. Nevertheless, it is still an overwhelmingly pro-life country and has one of the best track records in Europe for maternal health.

For further insight into the developing story, stay tuned here, and check out these articles:

"Legislating Abortion Can No Longer Be Evaded" from the Irish Times, 12/17/2010
http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2010/1217/1224285727637.html

"Abortion Travel Numbers to UK Fall" from the Irish Times, 12/16/2010
http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0722/breaking55.html

"European Court Says Irish Abortion Laws Breach European Rules", Catholic News Service, 12/16/2010
http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1005125.htm

The full description of the three women's cases can be found at:
http://www.turtlebayandbeyond.org/2010/abortion/a-comment-on-a-b-and-c-vs-ireland/

Monday, December 6, 2010

There's just something about Jane

If you visit our offices in Geddes Hall, then you are likely to find that the question "Who is your favorite Jane Austen heroine?" is frequently fodder for small talk around the Center. Today's Wall Street Journal addresses the trans-generational popularity of our literary heroine:

"The appeal? Ms. Austen's tales of courtship and manners resonate with dating-obsessed and social-media-savvy 21st-century youths, says Nili Olay, regional coordinator for the New York Metro chapter of the Jane Austen Society of North America, or JASNA.....Jennifer Potter, 24, a member of JASNA's New York chapter, says Charlotte Brontë's "Jane Eyre" feels antiquated. She finds Jane Austen's writing more relevant to her life. "Marrying for money, crazy parents, dating—these are all basic themes," Ms. Potter said, sipping tea near the sandwich table at a recent Austen meeting that drew 200 members."

Read the full article here.

Monday, November 29, 2010

In Thanksgiving for Life

In the spirit of the Thanksgiving holiday, Wisconsin Right to Life has produced this beautiful short video telling the story of two families who discerned that adoption was the best parenting choice for them. Their story was especially poignant to us at the Center, as we made adoption the theme of this semester's Bread of Life dinner and discussion a few weeks ago. Watch the video here. This Thanksgiving, we are giving thanks for life at all its stages, from conception to natural death, and for the great sacrifices our parents, our forefathers, have made to give us the abundant life we celebrate.